energy is carried to cellular reactions by what molecule
Why the body needs food
Your metabolism is the collection of chemical reactions that occur in your cells to sustain life. Some of these reactions use stored energy to build things upwards, which nosotros call anabolism, while other reactions intermission things down, releasing energy that can be stored for hereafter use, and this is called catabolism. Imagine that the hamburger you're having for dinner, made of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, is a drove of lego blocks of diverse colors and shapes. It took a lot of energy to organize those blocks into that complex structure, and breaking the blocks apart releases that energy and frees the blocks so that they can be built support into new things. Your body does exactly that when you eat your food. Hither'southward a brief video lecture that summarizes this concept.
Living things break down the three major categories of foods (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) into their constituent parts, the individual lego blocks, for two reasons. 1) Once the food atoms and groups of atoms (molecules) are broken downwardly, they can be congenital back up into the specific kinds of things the organism needs, like bone, muscle, pare, pilus, feathers, fur, bark, leaves, etc. 2) Breaking down the food molecules releases the free energy that was holding them together, and that released energy is temporarily stored by the cell for the re-building procedure. Each of these food types requires a different breakdown process, and we'll look at those later, but the goal is the same–take the energy that held those food molecules together and release it then that information technology tin can exist stored in a course that the jail cell can use later to build what it needs. The prison cell has a special kind of molecule for storing that energy, and information technology'south called ATP.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate
ATP (Adenosine tri-phosphate) is an important molecule found in all living things. Think of it as the "energy currency" of the prison cell. If a cell needs to spend energy to achieve a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its iii phosphates, condign ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. The energy belongings that phosphate molecule is now released and available to do work for the cell. When the prison cell has extra energy (gained from breaking down food that has been consumed or, in the case of plants, fabricated via photosynthesis), it stores that energy past reattaching a free phosphate molecule to ADP, turning it back into ATP. The ATP molecule is just like a rechargeable bombardment. When it's fully charged, information technology'southward ATP. When it'due south run downward, it's ADP. However, the battery doesn't become thrown abroad when information technology's run down–information technology just gets charged up again.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate
ATP ß à ADP + P + energy
Hither's what information technology looks like chemically. Each phosphate is a POfour (oxygen has a charge of -two and there are 4 of them, for a full of -8, and P has a accuse of +5, so the net charge on the phosphate group is -three. If costless H atoms, which are +1, go added to the O atoms that aren't bonded to two things, then the cyberspace charge is zero.)
ß à
ATP ADP
At that place are times when the cell needs even more energy, and it splits off another phosphate, so information technology goes from ADP, adenoside di-phosphate, to AMP, adenosine mono-phosphate.
ATP ß à ADP + P + free energy ß à AMP + P + energy
ß à
ADP AMP
In that location are other energy storage molecules in the cell, like NAD and FAD, but the ATP system is the most common, and the well-nigh important. Think of the others as different brands of rechargable batteries that practise the same job. Next, nosotros'll explore some of the pathways that the trunk uses to break downward foods of unlike types.
What virtually oxygen? Why do we need that? What happens if y'all put a glass over a candle? You starve the fire of oxygen, and the flame flickers out. If a metabolic reaction is aerobic, it requires oxygen. Buy why? Here'southward an analogy. Recollect about lighting a campfire. What practise y'all demand? You lot need fuel (the forest), you need heat (information technology's harder to lite a burn when it's cold), and you need oxygen (considering another word for burning is "oxidizing" and, every bit you might guess, it can only occur in the presence of oxygen). Oxidizing something causes information technology to lose electrons, which means that free energy (the electrons) is released when you lot oxidize, or burn down, a fuel. Your food is your fuel. You lot burn down the fuel for energy. You need the oxygen to burn the fuel. This happens in the mitochondria.
Source: https://www2.nau.edu/lrm22/lessons/atp/atp.html
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